What characterizes something that is considered "redundant"?

The term "redundant" is primarily defined by the notion of unnecessary repetition. When something is characterized as redundant, it means that it includes information, elements, or ideas that are unnecessary because they repeat what has already been said or presented. This repetition does not add any value or clarity; instead, it can lead to confusion or a lack of clarity in communication.

The other choices do not accurately capture the essence of redundancy. Excessive complexity refers to something being difficult to understand due to its intricate nature, while being extremely concise denotes succinctness and brevity, which contrasts with the idea of redundancy. Providing new and insightful information suggests a contribution of valuable new content, which again is contrary to the idea of redundancy as that does not rely on repeating already established ideas. Thus, the correct characterization of something that is redundant indeed involves unnecessary repetition.