What does "monarch" refer to?

The term "monarch" specifically refers to a ruler, particularly one who holds a singular position of authority within a kingdom or empire, such as a king or queen. This definition emphasizes the concept of hereditary rule, where the position is passed down through royal lineage, typically characterized by centralized power and often associated with traditions and sovereignty. Monarchs can vary widely in their power and role depending on the specific political system of their country, but fundamentally, the term is synonymous with singular leadership and regal authority.

In contrast, the other options describe different concepts: a political system with multiple officials suggests a framework of governance that involves shared responsibility, which is distinctly different from the centralized authority implied by a monarch. A type of plant does not relate to governance at all, while a follower of democracy represents an entirely different political philosophy focused on the participation of the people in government, as opposed to the autocratic rule of a monarch. Thus, “C” captures the essence of the term accurately, as it aligns directly with its widely accepted definition in political and historical contexts.