What does "surfeit" refer to?

"Surfeit" refers to an excess or overindulgence, particularly in the context of food or drink, but it can also apply more broadly to any situation where there is an abundance or surplus of something. The term captures the idea of having more than what is necessary or healthy, leading to a sense of being overwhelmed or satiated to the point of discomfort. This concept of overindulgence aligns closely with the way the word is often used in discussions about consumption, behaviors, or even emotions, emphasizing a point where more is no longer beneficial.

In contrast, the other choices focus on oppositional meanings. A deficiency or shortage indicates a lack of something, while an increase in popularity and a sudden drop in interest address changes in engagement or attraction, none of which capture the essence of overabundance that "surfeit" embodies.