What does the word "superfluous" mean?

The term "superfluous" refers to something that is unnecessary or excessive, indicating that it goes beyond what is needed or required. This word is often used to describe items or actions that add no real value or serve no crucial purpose. In many contexts, something deemed superfluous can be seen as redundant or extraneous, meaning it can be discarded without loss or detriment.

For example, if a piece of clothing has numerous adornments that do not contribute to its functionality, those adornments might be considered superfluous. In this sense, the word captures the idea of excess that does not contribute meaningfully to the whole.

The other choices do not align with the meaning of "superfluous." "Essential and required" directly contradicts the sense of something unnecessary. "Limitless and abundant" suggests a positive notion of an overflowing quantity, which also differs significantly from the concept of excess that is not needed. Lastly, "time-consuming and complex" describes a process rather than the nature of being unnecessary, which does not capture the essence of the word in question.