What is the belief that all human action is motivated by selfishness?

The belief that all human action is motivated by selfishness is best described by the term cynicism. Cynicism, in this context, refers to a worldview that perceives people as primarily driven by self-interest. This perspective suggests that actions often deemed altruistic are ultimately rooted in personal gain or benefit.

The term altruism, on the other hand, represents the opposite of cynicism, as it embodies a selfless concern for the well-being of others. Skepticism involves questioning or doubting accepted beliefs or doctrines, while idealism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the importance of ideals and moral values, often envisioning a better or more perfect world. None of these alternatives align with the notion of viewing human actions as solely selfish.