What is the meaning of "melancholy"?

The term "melancholy" specifically refers to a deep, pervasive sadness or a gloomy state of mind. It conveys a sense of reflective sorrow, often tinged with nostalgia or a sense of loss. Unlike a temporary feeling of sadness or distress, melancholy has a more profound and lingering quality, suggesting a state where one may feel downcast or introspective.

The other choices describe different emotional states that do not align with the true essence of melancholy. For instance, the first option suggests a positive and uplifting mood, which is in stark contrast to the subdued and somber nature of melancholy. The second option, while it does describe negative feelings, emphasizes distress and anxiety rather than the reflective sorrow associated with melancholy. The fourth option portrays a moment of happiness, which is also incompatible with the meaning of melancholy, as it implies joy rather than sadness.