Who is referred to as a defendant?

The term "defendant" specifically refers to someone who has been accused of committing a crime or is being sued in a lawsuit. In legal contexts, the defendant is the party against whom the legal action is brought. This can occur in criminal cases where the individual is accused of breaking the law or in civil cases where they are being accused of wronging another party. Understanding the role of a defendant is crucial, as it entails defending oneself against the allegations presented, whether in a criminal court or civil court.

The other options describe different roles within the legal system but do not align with the definition of a defendant. A person who initiates a lawsuit is known as the plaintiff; a witness provides testimony during the trial; and a judge is responsible for presiding over the proceedings and ensuring the legal process is followed. Each of these roles has distinct responsibilities that differ significantly from that of a defendant.